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CppCon 2015 Memory and C++ debugging at Electronic Arts--Scott Wardle

By Adrien Hamelin | May 18, 2016 08:00 AM | Tags: performance efficiency

Have you registered for CppCon 2016 in September? Don’t delay – Early Bird registration is open now.

While we wait for this year’s event, we’re featuring videos of some of the 100+ talks from CppCon 2015 for you to enjoy. Here is today’s feature:

Memory and C++ debugging at Electronic Arts

by Scott Wardle

(watch on YouTube) (watch on Channel 9)

Summary of the talk:

Scott Wardle a senior software engineer Electronic Arts will talk about the current memory and C++ debugging setup and tools used in games.

PS4 and Xbox One have virtual memory and 64 bit address spaces, GPU and CPU are getting closer in the ability to work virtual memory. So our tools are getting better and better and closer to PCs. Most of a games memory goes towards art and level data like bitmap textures and polygon meshes. So artist and designer need to understand how much their data takes up. Giving them call stacks of memory allocations does not help. They want to know how big is a group of building is. Why is this group of building bigger than this one? Maybe this one has some animation data or one of the textures is too big. But there are 10,000s of objects built by 100s of people all around the world.

Folds(ish) in C++11

By Jason Turner | May 17, 2016 04:24 PM | Tags: None

Folds of variadic expressions are coming in C++17, but what about today?

Folds(ish) in C++11

by Jason Turner

From the article:

It is possible to perform some form of the variadic folds that are coming in C++17 with the C++11 and C++14 compilers that we have available today by using just a little bit of creativity.

...

Someone (not me) figured out that we can abuse the std::initializer_list type to let us guarantee the order of execution of some statements while not having to recursively instantiate templates. For this to work we need to create some temporary object to let us use the braced initializer syntax and hold some result values for us.

Only problem is, our print function doesn’t return a result value. So what do we do? Give it a dummy return value!

#include <iostream>

template<typename T>
void print(const T &t)
{
  std::cout << t << '\n';
}

template<typename ... T>
  void print(const T& ... t)
{
  std::initializer_list<int>{ (print(t), 0)... };
}

int main()
{
  print(1, 2, 3.4, "Hello World");
}

...

(And we continue to simplify it much more from here...)

Quick Q: std::rethrow_exception and thrown exception type

By Adrien Hamelin | May 17, 2016 01:11 PM | Tags: None

Quick A: std::make_exception_ptr creates a reference on a copy.

Recently on SO:

std::rethrow_exception and thrown exception type

From documentation for std::make_exception_ptr:

Creates an std::exception_ptr that holds a reference to a copy of e.

Unfortunately, copying e means you get object slicing (which @Mohamad Elghawi points out is also more prominently mentioned later on that page). When you call std::make_exception_ptr<RecognitionException>, it will hold a copy of a RecognitionException, not any derived class.

But you don't need exception_ptr at all here. Even though reportError does not have the try...catch in scope, you can still use throw; to re-throw the current exception.

#include <stdio.h>

struct A { virtual ~A() = default; };
struct B : A { };

void reportError() {
  try {
    throw;
  }
  catch (B &) {
    puts("caught B");
  }
  catch (A &) {
    puts("caught A");
  }
}

int main() {
  try {
    throw B();
  }
  catch (A &) {
    reportError();
  }
}

Quick Q: Static constexpr int vs old-fashioned enum: when and why?

By Adrien Hamelin | May 17, 2016 12:55 PM | Tags: intermediate c++11

Quick A: A static constexpr cannot be used in an ODR context.

Recently on SO:

Static constexpr int vs old-fashioned enum: when and why?

There will be no noticeable difference for integral constants when used like this.

However, enum is actually better, because it is a true named constant. constexpr integral constant is an object which can be, for example, ODR-used - and that would result in linking errors.

#include <iostream>

struct T {
    static constexpr int i = 42;
    enum : int {x = 42};
};

void check(const int& z) {
    std::cout << "Check: " << z << "\n";
}

int main() {
    // check(T::i); // Uncommenting this will lead to link error
    check(T::x);
}

When check(T::i) is uncommented, the program can not be linked:

/tmp/ccZoETx7.o: In function `main': ccc.cpp:(.text+0x45): undefined reference to `T::i' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

However, the true enum always works.

Diagnosable validity -- Andrzej KrzemieĊ„ski

By Felix Petriconi | May 17, 2016 05:24 AM | Tags: c++14 c++11 advanced

Andrzej Krzemieński wrote down his thoughts on ill-formed C++ code.


Diagnosable validity

by Andrzej Krzemieński

From the article:

Certain combinations of types and expressions can make a C++ program ill-formed. “Ill-formed” is a term taken from the C++ Standard and it means that a program is not valid, and compiler must (in most of the cases) reject it. This is quite obvious:

int main()
{
  auto i = "some text".size(); // invalid expression
};

String literals do not have member functions, therefore compiler cannot accept this program, and must report an error. This puts a responsibility on programmers to learn which expressions and types are valid in a given context and use only these. Again, I am saying a very obvious thing.

What is less obvious is that there is a way in C++ to enter a type or expression of which we do not know if it is valid or not, in an isolated environment, where it does not render the entire program ill-formed, but instead it returns a yes-no (or rather valid-invalid) answer, which we can use at compile-time to make a decision how we want the program to behave. When requested, compiler can analyze all the declarations it has seen so far, and make an approximated judgement whether a given type or expression would make the program ill-formed or not, if used outside the isolated environment. The compiler’s approximated answer is not always correct, but it is just enough most of the time.

 

ACCU 2016 All videos are online

By Felix Petriconi | May 17, 2016 03:11 AM | Tags: None

All videos from the this year's ACCU conference are now online.

ACCU 2016 Videos

by the ACCU

From the schedule

The keynotes were:

Jim Coplien: A Glimpse of Trygve: From Class oriented Programming to Real OO

Andrei Alexandrescu: Fastware

Marian Petre: Balacing Bias in Software Development

Anna-Jayne Metcalfe: Comfort Zone

 

The talks with C++ content in no particular order were:

Dietmar Kühl: Constant Fun

Roger Orr: C++ Concepts 'Lite' in Practice

Felix Petriconi: Leaving The Dark Side - Behaviour Testing of a C++ Based Medical Device

J. Daniel Garcia: Improving Performance and Maintainability in Modern C++

Marshall Clow: STL Algorithms – How to Use Them and How to Write Your Own

Kevlin Henney: Declarative Thinking, Declarative Practice

Dmitri Nesteruk: Design Pattern in Modern C++

Jamie Allsop: Managing C++ Build Complexity Using Cuppa: A SCons-based Build System

Nikos Athanasiou: Benchmarking in C++

Sławomir Zborowski: What Every C++ Programmer Should Know About Modern Compilers

Peter Sommerlad: Visualize Template Instantiations - Understand your Template Bugs

Peter Sommerlad: Using Units, Quantities, and Dimensions in C++14

Niall Douglas: Distributed Mutual Exclusion using Proposed Boost.AFIO

John Lakos: Proper Inheritance Part 1 (Part 2 is not available)

Bernhard Merkle: Finding Bugs with Clang at Compile and Run Time

Guy Davidson: WG21-SG14: The Story So Far

 

Quick Q: Templated Function results in Circular Inclusion

By Adrien Hamelin | May 16, 2016 01:36 PM | Tags: basics

Quick A: Separate definition and implementation.

Recently on SO:

Templated Function results in Circular Inclusion

Define registerEvent after IApp.

class IApp;

class Component
{
    IApp* app;
    template<typename T>
    void registerEvent(const int& evtId, Status (T::*func) (int));
};

class IApp : public Component {
  ...
};

template <typename T>
Component::registerEvent(const int& evtId, Status (T::*func) (int)) {
  auto res = std::bind(func, (T*)this, std::placeholders::_1);
  app->registerForEvent(evtId);
}

If need be, also define A::registerEvent after Component::registerEvent.