AMA with Bjarne Stroustrup @ Meeting C++ 2022
ABSA == Ask Bjarne Stroustrup Anything:
By Blog Staff | Dec 17, 2022 03:05 PM | Tags: None
ABSA == Ask Bjarne Stroustrup Anything:
By Blog Staff | Dec 17, 2022 03:00 PM | Tags: None
More safety please:
by Gabor Horvath
From the article:
The C++ Core Guidelines’ Lifetime Profile, aims to detect lifetime problems, like dangling pointers and references, in C++ code. ... Lately, there has been an increased push in the C++ community to introduce lifetime-related safety features, which has led us to revisit the lifetime analysis in MSVC.
We spent the last couple of months looking into the results of using the lifetime analysis on real world code. This blog post summarizes our experience and the improvements we made along the way. The biggest change is the introduction of a new set of warnings. These warnings are the high-confidence versions of the existing warnings. Users who want less noise can enable only the high-confidence warnings, while users who want more rigorous checks at the cost of noise can enable both the old and the new warnings. As of 17.5, the high-confidence warnings are still experimental, but depending on the feedback we might include them in some of the recommended profiles in future versions...
By Blog Staff | Dec 17, 2022 02:59 PM | Tags: None
When profiling is a good thing:
C/C++ Profiling Tools
by David Faure
From the article:
This blog will give you a brief overview of profiling C and C++ applications. Additionally, it will lay before you all of the tools available, with the purpose of aiding you in choosing the right tools at the right times...
By Blog Staff | Dec 17, 2022 02:45 PM | Tags: None
Const... times four:
by Bartlomiej Filipek
From the article:
As of C++20, we have four keywords beginning with const. What do they all mean? Are they mostly the same? Let’s compare them in this article...
By Blog Staff | Dec 16, 2022 01:29 PM | Tags: None
Just in time for the holidays, a major new Taylor Swift album Boost library release just dropped:
Boost verison 1.81.0 released
Release managers: Marshall Clow and Glen Fernandes
From the announcement:
New Libraries
URL:A library for parsing, modifying, and printing URLs using only C++11, from Vinnie Falco and Alan de Freitas. Features include fast compilation, strong invariants, and strict compliance using a memory-friendly approach.Updated Libraries
Asio:
Added theconsign
completion token adapter, which can be used to attach additional values to a completion handler. Addedany_completion_handler<>
, which can be used to type-erase completion handlers. Addedexperimental::co_composed
to enable lightweight implementations of user-defined asynchronous operations using C++20 coroutines. Add range-basedexperimental::make_parallel_group()
overloads. Addedany_completion_executor
, a type-erased wrapper for executors that are associated with completion handlers. Added missingcontext
query to use_future's executor. Added nothrow constructor overloads toexecution::any_executor<>
andany_io_executor
. Optimised representation of emptyexecution::any_executor
objects to improve the performance of copy and move operations. Added anassociated_cancellation_slot
specialisation forstd::reference_wrapper
. Changed I/O objects to return their executors by const reference. Changed associated to use deduced return types for all two-argumentget
functions. Fixedspawn
implementation to catch unhandled exceptions and rethrow them outside of the spawned "thread". Fixedspawn
to ensure the completion handler is dispatched through the correct executor. Fixed cleanup of of terminal-statespawn
"thread" objects. Fixedspawn
andco_spawn
implementations to dispatch cancellation handlers on the correct executor. Changed semantics of 'dispatch' to mean the executor is used as-is. Deprecated theexecution::execute
customisation point and sender/receiver facilities. Added a C++11parallel_group
example. Fixed example code to not use the deprecatedresolve
conversions. Fixed an ambiguity inexperimental::channel_traits
specialisations. Added a specialised channel implementation for the forR(error_code)
signature. Madecancelled()
public on theasync_compose
'self' object. Added io_executor_type and get_io_executor to theasync_compose
'self' object. Fixed implementation ofrelease()
for Windows overlapped handles. Enabled deferred awaiting forexperimental::coro
, regularisedexperimental::use_coro
, and fixed allocator handling. Cleaned upexperimental::promise
and made it an asynchronous operation object. Constrainedpost
/defer
overloads on ability to requireblocking.never
. Changed descriptor implementation to fall back tofcntl
ifioctl
fails withENOTTY
when setting non-blocking mode. Fixed Xcode deprecation warnings related to use ofsprintf
. Fixed the arguments passed toselect_reactor::run
when it is run on an internal thread. Fixed compilation errors whenBOOST_ASIO_DISABLE_SMALL_BLOCK_RECYCLING
is defined. Updated detection of C++20 coroutine support on clang 14 and later. Changed standard library feature detection to always enablestd::invoke_result
when targeting C++17 or later. Fixed detection of return type deduction with MSVC. Updated the asynchronous operation requirements to relax the requirements on the associated executor. Added io_uring to the implementation notes. Consult the Revision History for further details. Beast:
Addbuffers_generator
Addbeast::http::message_generator
Addedbuffer_ref
, so beast buffers can be used with asio. Support for per-operation cancellation C++20 awaitable examples. websocket per-message compression options websocket timeout option api multiple content length error Support for default-completion and rebind Container Hash:
Major update. The specializations ofboost::hash
have been removed; it now always callshash_value
. Support forBOOST_HASH_NO_EXTENSIONS
has been removed. The extensions are always enabled. All standard containers are now supported. This includesstd::forward_list
and the unordered associative containers. User-defined containers (types that havebegin()
andend()
member functions that return iterators) are now supported out of the box. Described structs and classes (those annotated withBOOST_DESCRIBE_STRUCT
orBOOST_DESCRIBE_CLASS
) are now supported out of the box.hash_combine
has been improved. The performance (and quality, as a result of the above change) of string hashing has been improved.boost::hash
for strings now passes SMHasher in 64 bit mode. The documentation has been substantially revised to reflect the changes. Core:
empty_value
members are now marked asconstexpr
. Addedfclose_deleter
, a deleter that callsstd::fclose
on a pointer tostd::FILE
. Bit manipulation utilities inboost/core/bit.hpp
now explicitly require unsigned integers on input. (#129)bit_width
now returnsint
instead of a value of the input argument type. This follows resolution of LWG3656. Describe:
To allow the inclusion ofenumerators.hpp
,bases.hpp
, andmembers.hpp
when the option-pedantic
is used, the invocation ofBOOST_DESCRIBE_ENUM
has been moved frommodifiers.hpp
into a separate header,modifier_description.hpp
. As a consequence,modifiers.hpp
no longer includesenum.hpp
. Code that has been relying on this implicit inclusion may fail, and will need to be fixed to includeenum.hpp
. Filesystem:
Deprecated:path
construction, assignment and appending from containers of characters, such asstd::vector<char>
orstd::list<wchar_t>
, is deprecated in v3 and removed in v4. Please use string types or iterators instead. Deprecated:boost/filesystem/path_traits.hpp
header is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. The header contained implementation details ofpath
and should not be used in user's code. Previously deprecated APIs will now generate compilation warnings on use. To suppress these warnings,BOOST_FILESYSTEM_ALLOW_DEPRECATED
macro can be defined when compiling user's code. Fixed compilation due to a missing include on POSIX systems that do not support*at
APIs. (#250) On Windows, fixedweakly_canonical
failing with anERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION
error code if the path started with the "\\?\" prefix. (#247) Added support forstd::string_view
,boost::string_view
andboost::container::string
(as well as respectivewchar_t
counterparts) inpath
constructors, assignment and appending operations. (#208)path
constructors, assignment and appending operations taking a pair of iterators will no longer accept iterators with value types that are not one of the supported path character types. On Windows, deduplicated files are now reported as regular files rather than reparse files. (#262) Fusion:
Addedfusion::identity_view
(PR#240) Added support for associative sequences onfusion::transform_view
(PR#239) Fixed compilation for the case whenfusion::reverse_view
used with an associative sequence (PR#237) Fixed Clang 13 -Wdeprecated-copy warnings (PR#261) A small dependency reorganization. Nowboost::ref
andboost::noncopyable
are used from Boost.Core (PR#249) Histogram:
Major update. Added newaccumulators::fraction
to compute fractions, their variance, and confidence intervals Added interval computers for fractions:utility::clopper_pearson
,utility::wilson_interval
,utility::jeffreys_interval
,utility::wald_interval
which can compute intervals with arbitrary confidence level Addedutility::confidence_level
andutility::deviation
types to pass confidence levels as probabilities or in multiples of standard deviation for all interval computers, respectively Fixed internalsub_array
andspan
in C++20 Iterator:
function_output_iterator
now supports perfect forwarding of the assigned values to the wrapped function object. (PR#73) Fixed compilation of constructing afunction_input_iterator
from result of post-incrementing anotherfunction_input_iterator
. (#75) The result of post-incrementing an iterator based oniterator_facade
now supportsoperator->
.(it++)->foo
is equivalent to(*it++).foo
, which was supported before. JSON:
Addedobject::stable_erase
. Addedparse
overload forstd::istream
andoperator>>
forvalue
. Added rvalue ref-qualified accessors forvalue
. Conversion traits were redesigned. Added conversion support for described classes and enums,std::optional
,std::variant
, and null-like types (includingstd::nullptr_t
,std::nullopt_t
, andstd::monotype
). Added non-throwing conversion fromvalue
to user types. Locale:
Major update with some breaking changes. C++11 support is now required, support for C++03 and earlier is dropped Some enums have been converted to enum classes - Avoids name clashes Replace-sICU_LINK_LOCALE
&-sICU_LINK
by fine-grained configuration options as done in Boost.RegEx Fix detection of libiconv allowing Boost.Locale to be build (again) on some platforms Remove use of and support forstd::auto_ptr
Make thecodecvt
usingwchar_t
on Windows assume/use UTF-16 enconding Performance improvements: Makebasic_format
,date_time
&hold_ptr
movable, Fix use of format cache Make Boost.Locale compatible with more ICU versions (especially the tests) Fix RTTI definitions for some classes (visibility issues) Fix compatibility of the ICU backend with some libc++ versions Fix return value of some operators to correctly return non-const*this
Fix int-overflow on negative roll of years indate_time
Handle or suppress many warnings which makes the build log cleaner Add support for more Windows codepages Fix support for Windows codepages like ISO-2022-JP Nowide:
Fix build failure of tests on MSVC Stacktrace:
The library does not use COM initialization any more. Thanks to Alex Guteniev for the bug report, clarifications and PR PR#123! The library now may useBOOST_STACKTRACE_BACKTRACE_INCLUDE_FILE
macro value while detecting the libbacktrace availability in b2, thanks to Ben Gemmill for the bug report #115. AddedBOOST_STACKTRACE_BACKTRACE_FORCE_STATIC
macro to force a single backtrace_state static instance while using the libbacktrace. Thanks to the Rasmus Thomsen for the bug report #118! Avoid unresolved references when including only theboost/stacktrace/stacktrace.hpp
header. Thanks to the Long Deng for the bug report #116. Optimized stacktrace printing by not callingstrlen
on Windows platforms. Thanks to Alex Guteniev for the bug report #122 PFR: STLInterfaces:
Fix two ill-formediterator_interface
operators in pre-C++20 iterators with aconst
value_type
. System:
The macroBOOST_SYSTEM_DISABLE_THREADS
can now be defined to disable the use of<mutex>
(e.g. on single-threaded libstdc++). Addedvalue_type
,error_type
,in_place_value
,in_place_error
toresult<>
. Addedemplace
toresult<>
. Unordered:
Major update. Added fast containersboost::unordered_flat_map
andboost::unordered_flat_set
based on open addressing. Added CTAD deduction guides for all containers. Added missing constructors as specified in LWG issue 2713. Variant2:
Added support forboost::json::value_from
andboost::json::value_to
.
By Meeting C++ | Dec 10, 2022 11:38 AM | Tags: meetingcpp intermediate community c++20 basics advanced
The opening keynote of Meeting C++ 2022 is now online!
Belle Views on C++ Ranges, their Details and the Devil - Nico Josuttis - Keynote Meeting C++ 2022
by Nicolai Josuttis
Watch it now
By Jens Maurer | Dec 6, 2022 06:08 AM | Tags: c++11 basics
Lambdas
Modern C++ In-Depth — Lambdas, Part 1
by Phani Adusumilli
From the article
While lambdas do not allow us to write anything we could not have written before their introduction, they greatly improve the ease with which we can write function objects and callbacks.
By Administrator | Dec 5, 2022 05:26 PM | Tags: None
The 2022-12 mailing of new standards papers is now available.
WG21 Number | Title | Author | Document Date | Mailing Date | Previous Version | Subgroup |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P0901R10 | Size feedback in operator new | Chris Kennelly | 2022-11-09 | 2022-12 | P0901R9 | EWG Evolution |
P1018R18 | C++ Language Evolution status pandemic edition 2022/07–2022/11 | JF Bastien | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | P1018R17 | EWG Evolution,All of WG21 |
P1018R19 | C++ Language Evolution status | JF Bastien | 2022-11-15 | 2022-12 | P1018R18 | EWG Evolution,All of WG21 |
P1028R4 | SG14 status_code and standard error object | Niall Douglas | 2022-10-28 | 2022-12 | P1028R3 | LEWG Library Evolution |
P1202R5 | Asymmetric Fences | David Goldblatt | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | P1202R4 | LWG Library |
P1264R2 | Revising the wording of stream input operations | Louis Dionne | 2022-12-04 | 2022-12 | P1264R1 | LWG Library |
P1478R8 | Byte-wise atomic memcpy | Hans Boehm | 2022-11-14 | 2022-12 | P1478R7 | All of WG21 |
P1619R2 | Functions for Testing Boundary Conditions on Integer Operations | Lisa Lippincott | 2022-11-08 | 2022-12 | P1619R1 | LEWG Library Evolution |
P2164R8 | views::enumerate | Corentin Jabot | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | P2164R7 | LWG Library |
P2167R3 | Improved Proposed Wording for LWG 2114 (contextually convertible to bool) | Daniel Krügler | 2022-11-02 | 2022-12 | P2167R2 | LWG Library |
P2248R7 | Enabling list-initialization for algorithms | Giuseppe D'Angelo | 2022-11-13 | 2022-12 | P2248R6 | SG6 Numerics,SG9 Ranges,LEWG Library Evolution |
P2396R1 | Concurrency TS 2 fixes | David Goldblatt | 2022-11-10 | 2022-12 | P2396R0 | LWG Library |
P2434R0 | Nondeterministic pointer provenance | S. Davis Herring | 2022-11-16 | 2022-12 | SG22 Compatability,EWG Evolution | |
P2539R4 | Should the output of std::print to a terminal be synchronized with the underlying stream? | Victor Zverovich | 2022-11-08 | 2022-12 | P2539R3 | LWG Library |
P2546R3 | Debugging Support | René Ferdinand Rivera Morell | 2022-11-15 | 2022-12 | P2546R2 | LEWG Library Evolution |
P2548R2 | copyable_function | Michael Florian Hava | 2022-11-08 | 2022-12 | P2548R1 | LEWG Library Evolution |
P2548R3 | copyable_function | Michael Florian Hava | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | P2548R2 | LEWG Library Evolution |
P2548R4 | copyable_function | Michael Florian Hava | 2022-11-12 | 2022-12 | P2548R3 | LEWG Library Evolution,LWG Library |
P2552R1 | On the ignorability of standard attributes | Timur Doumler | 2022-11-15 | 2022-12 | P2552R0 | EWG Evolution,CWG Core |
P2559R1 | Plan for Concurrency Technical Specification Version 2 | Bryce Adelstein Lelbach | 2022-11-16 | 2022-12 | P2559R0 | LEWG Library Evolution,LWG Library |
P2564R1 | consteval needs to propagate up | Hal Finkel | 2022-11-10 | 2022-12 | P2564R0 | EWG Evolution |
P2564R2 | consteval needs to propagate up | Hal Finkel | 2022-11-10 | 2022-12 | P2564R1 | EWG Evolution |
P2564R3 | consteval needs to propagate up | Barry Revzin | 2022-12-04 | 2022-12 | P2564R2 | CWG Core |
P2570R1 | Contract predicates that are not predicates | Andrzej Krzemieński | 2022-11-14 | 2022-12 | P2570R0 | SG21 Contracts |
P2588R2 | Relax std::barrier phase completion step guarantees | Gonzalo Brito | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12 | P2588R1 | LEWG Library Evolution |
P2589R1 | static operator[] | Nevin Liber | 2022-11-10 | 2022-12 | P2589R0 | CWG Core |
P2602R2 | Poison Pills are Too Toxic | Barry Revzin | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12 | P2602R1 | LEWG Library Evolution |
P2614R2 | Deprecate numeric_limits::has_denorm | Matthias Kretz | 2022-11-08 | 2022-12 | P2614R1 | LWG Library |
P2615R1 | Meaningful exports | S. Davis Herring | 2022-11-15 | 2022-12 | P2615R0 | EWG Evolution,CWG Core |
P2616R1 | Making std::atomic notification/wait operations usable in more situations | Lewis Baker | 2022-11-09 | 2022-12 | P2616R0 | SG1 Concurrency and Parallelism |
P2616R2 | Making std::atomic notification/wait operations usable in more situations | Lewis Baker | 2022-11-15 | 2022-12 | P2616R1 | SG1 Concurrency and Parallelism |
P2640R2 | Modules: Inner-scope Namespace Entities: Exported or Not? | Nathan Sidwell | 2022-11-15 | 2022-12 | P2640R1 | EWG Evolution |
P2644R1 | Final Fix of Broken Range based for Loop Rev 1 | Nicolai Josuttis | 2022-11-13 | 2022-12 | P2644R0 | CWG Core |
P2647R1 | Permitting static constexpr variables in constexpr functions | Barry Revzin | 2022-11-08 | 2022-12 | P2647R0 | EWG Evolution |
P2649R0 | 2022-10 Library Evolution Poll Outcomes | Bryce Adelstein Lelbach | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | LEWG Library Evolution | |
P2650R0 | 2022-11 Library Evolution Polls | Bryce Adelstein Lelbach | 2022-11-17 | 2022-12 | LEWG Library Evolution | |
P2652R1 | Disallow user specialization of allocator_traits | Pablo Halpern | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | P2652R0 | LWG Library |
P2653R1 | Update Annex E based on Unicode 15.0 UAX 31 | Steve Downey | 2022-10-20 | 2022-12 | P2653R0 | SG16 Unicode,CWG Core |
P2655R1 | common_reference_t of reference_wrapper Should Be a Reference Type | Hui Xie | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | P2655R0 | SG9 Ranges,LEWG Library Evolution |
P2657R1 | C++ is the next C++ | Jarrad J. Waterloo | 2022-11-14 | 2022-12 | P2657R0 | EWG Evolution |
P2658R1 | temporary storage class specifiers | Jarrad J. Waterloo | 2022-11-14 | 2022-12 | P2658R0 | EWG Evolution |
P2659R1 | A Proposal to Publish a Technical Specification for Contracts | Brian Bi | 2022-11-14 | 2022-12 | P2659R0 | SG21 Contracts,EWG Evolution |
P2664R0 | Proposal to extend std::simd with permutation API | Daniel Towner | 2022-10-21 | 2022-12 | SG1 Concurrency and Parallelism,LEWG Library Evolution,LWG Library,Direction Group | |
P2674R1 | A trait for implicit lifetime types | Timur Doumler | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | P2674R0 | CWG Core,LWG Library |
P2679R1 | Fixing std::start_lifetime_as and std::start_lifetime_as_array | Timur Doumler | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | P2679R0 | CWG Core,LWG Library |
P2681R0 | More Stats Functions | Richard Dosselmann | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12 | SG6 Numerics,SG19 Machine Learning | |
P2693R0 | Formatting thread::id and stacktrace | Corentin Jabot | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | LEWG Library Evolution | |
P2695R0 | A proposed plan for contracts in C++ | Timur Doumler | 2022-11-17 | 2022-12 | SG21 Contracts,EWG Evolution | |
P2696R0 | Introduce Cpp17Swappable as additional convenience requirements | Daniel Krügler | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12 | LWG Library | |
P2697R0 | Interfacing bitset with string_view | Michael Florian Hava | 2022-11-12 | 2022-12 | LEWG Library Evolution | |
P2698R0 | Unconditional termination is a serious problem | Bjarne Stroustrup | 2022-11-18 | 2022-12 | SG21 Contracts | |
P2700R0 | Questions on P2680 "Contracts for C++: Prioritizing Safety" | Timur Doumler | 2022-11-29 | 2022-12 | SG21 Contracts | |
P2701R0 | Translating Linker Input Files to Module Metadata Files | Daniel Ruoso | 2022-11-08 | 2022-12 | SG15 Tooling | |
P2702R0 | Specifying Importable Headers | Daniel Ruoso | 2022-11-08 | 2022-12 | SG15 Tooling | |
P2703R0 | C++ Standard Library Ready Issues to be moved in Kona, Nov. 2022 | Jonathan Wakely | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12 | All of WG21 | |
P2704R0 | C++ Standard Library Immediate Issues to be moved in Kona, Nov. 2022 | Jonathan Wakely | 2022-11-20 | 2022-12 | All of WG21 | |
P2705R0 | C++ Library Fundamentals TS Issues to be moved in Kona, Nov. 2022 | Jonathan Wakely | 2022-11-07 | 2022-12 | All of WG21 | |
P2706R0 | Drafting for US 26-061: Redundant specification for defaulted functions | Jason Merrill | 2022-11-08 | 2022-12 | CWG Core | |
P2708R0 | No Future Fundamentals TSes | Alisdair Meredith | 2022-11-10 | 2022-12 | LEWG Library Evolution | |
P2708R1 | No Future Fundamentals TSes | Alisdair Meredith | 2022-11-10 | 2022-12 | P2708R0 | LWG Library |
P2709R0 | Core Language Working Group "ready" Issues for the November, 2022 meeting | Jens Maurer | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | All of WG21 | |
P2710R0 | Core Language Working Group NB comment resolutions for the November, 2022 meeting | Jens Maurer | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | All of WG21 | |
P2711R0 | Making multi-param (and other converting) constructors of views explicit | Ville Voutilainen | 2022-11-09 | 2022-12 | LEWG Library Evolution,LWG Library | |
P2711R1 | Making multi-param constructors of views explicit | Ville Voutilainen | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | P2711R0 | LWG Library |
P2712R0 | Classification of Contract-Checking Predicates | Joshua Berne | 2022-11-14 | 2022-12 | SG21 Contracts | |
P2718R0 | Wording for P2644R1 Fix for Range-based for Loop | Joshua Berne | 2022-11-11 | 2022-12 | CWG Core | |
P2722R0 | Slides: Beyond operator() (P2511R2 presentation) | Zhihao Yuan | 2022-11-12 | 2022-12 | LEWG Library Evolution | |
P2723R0 | Zero-initialize objects of automatic storage duration | JF Bastien | 2022-11-15 | 2022-12 | SG12 Undefined and Unspecified Behavior,SG22 Compatability,EWG Evolution | |
P2725R0 | std::integral_constant Literals | Zach Laine | 2022-11-18 | 2022-12 | LEWGI SG18: LEWG Incubator,LEWG Library Evolution | |
P2726R0 | Better std::tuple Indexing | Zach Laine | 2022-11-18 | 2022-12 | LEWGI SG18: LEWG Incubator,LEWG Library Evolution | |
P2727R0 | std::iterator_interface | Zach Laine | 2022-11-20 | 2022-12 | LEWGI SG18: LEWG Incubator,LEWG Library Evolution |
By philsquared | Dec 1, 2022 12:45 PM | Tags: None
Whether you're a first-time speaker, or an old pro, we have a place for you at C++ on Sea in 2023. We'd love to hear from all parts of the community, so if you have something to say - please let us know!
The 2023 Call for Speakers opens
From the article:
The call runs until 8th January 2023. If you're reading this at the start of December that might sound like a long way off, yet - but don't be fooled! Due to time dilation caused by the end of year holiday season, it can sneak up much faster than you expect. So don't delay.
By Mike Shah | Dec 1, 2022 12:43 PM | Tags: None
Mike Shah's Modern C++ YouTube series has recently posted the 100th video.
The freely available YouTube series adds 1-2 videos a week on Modern C++ or other related C++ topics.
Modern C++ YouTube Series
by Mike Shah
About the videos
The series can be watched from start to finish, or otherwise as a complement to those studying C++ from a text to learn about specific C++ language features.