The call stack can be accessed without debugger too:

Programmatic access to the call stack in C++

by Eli Bendersky

From the article:

Sometimes when working on a large project, I find it useful to figure out all the places from which some function or method is called. Moreover, more often than not I don't just want the immediate caller, but the whole call stack. This is most useful in two scenarios - when debugging and when trying to figure out how some code works...