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CppCon 2023 Interfaces in C++ -- Megh Parikh

By Blog Staff | May 8, 2024 10:07 AM | Tags: None

Parikh_-_CppCon_2023.pngRegistration is now open for CppCon 2024! The conference starts on September 15 and will be held in person in Aurora, CO. To whet your appetite for this year’s conference, we’re posting videos of some of the top-rated talks from last year's conference. Here’s another CppCon talk video we hope you will enjoy – and why not register today for CppCon 2024!

Lightning Talk: Interfaces in C++ - Megh Parikh - CppCon 2023

by Megh Parikh

Summary of the talk:

I explain some of the ways to make interfaces, both static and dynamic in this talk, and how concepts can be optionally used.

Adding State to the Update Notification Pattern, Part 2 -- Raymond Chen

By Blog Staff | May 6, 2024 05:21 PM | Tags: None

RaymondChen_5in-150x150.jpg

In the realm of asynchronous programming, managing stateful update notifications presents a daunting challenge. In our ongoing exploration, we scrutinize a solution that aims to address this challenge by seamlessly handling multiple requests for work while ensuring that only the last one triggers a notification. However, beneath the surface of this endeavor lies a tangle of legal intricacies and logical pitfalls, urging us to dissect, refine, and ultimately fortify our approach.

Adding State to the Update Notification Pattern, Part 2

by Raymond Chen

From the article:

Last time, we started looking at solving the problem of a stateful but coalescing update notification, where multiple requests for work can arrive, and your only requirement is that you send a notification for the last one. Any time a new request for work arrives, it replaces the existing one.

One attempt to fix this is to check if the work is already in progress, and if so, then hand off the new query to the existing worker. We are using winrt::fire_and_forget, which fails fast on any unhandled exception. This saves us from having to worry about recovering from exceptions. (At least for now.)

User-Defined Formatting in std::format -- Spencer Collyer

By Blog Staff | May 2, 2024 12:42 PM | Tags: None

logo.pngstd::format allows us to format values quickly and safely. Spencer Collyer demonstrates how to provide formatting for a simple user-defined class.

User-Defined Formatting in std::format

by Spencer Collyer

From the article:

Since my previous article was first published, based on the draft C++20 standard, the paper [P2216] was published which changes the interface of the format, format_to, format_to_n, and formatted_size functions. They no longer take a std::string_view as the format string, but instead a std::format_string (or, for the wide-character overloads std::wformat_string). This forces the format string to be a constant at compile time. This has the major advantage that compile time checks can be carried out to ensure it is valid.

The interfaces of the equivalent functions prefixed with v (e.g. vformat) has not changed and they can still take runtime-defined format specs.

One effect of this is that if you need to determine the format spec at runtime then you have to use the v-prefixed functions and pass the arguments as an argument pack created with make_format_args or make_wformat_args. This will impact you if, for instance, you want to make your program available in multiple languages, where you would read the format spec from some kind of localization database.

Another effect is on error reporting in the functions that parse the format spec. We will deal with this when describing the parse function of the formatter classes described in this article.

Adding State to the Update Notification Pattern, Part 1 -- Raymond Chen

By Blog Staff | Apr 30, 2024 12:36 PM | Tags: None

RaymondChen_5in-150x150.jpgIn software development, handling notifications efficiently is pivotal, particularly in user interface scenarios. While traditional notification patterns inform handlers of changes, they often lack crucial state information. In this article, we explore the intricacies of managing stateful updates within the context of C++/WinRT, addressing challenges such as race conditions and ensuring that notification handlers operate on the most recent data for optimal user experience.

Adding State to the Update Notification Pattern, Part 1

by Raymond Chen

From the article:

Some time ago, we looked at the update notification pattern, but in those cases, the notification carried no state.

Consider the case where you want to call a notification handler, and the handler also receives a copy of data derived from the most recent state, rather than just being called to be told that something changed and forcing them to figure out what changed.

For example, suppose you want to add autocomplete to an edit control, but calculating the autocomplete results is potentially slow, so you want to do it in the background. But while you are calculating the autocomplete results, the user might type into the edit control, and you want the final autocomplete results to reflect the most recent edit in the edit control, rather than any results from what the edit control used to contain at some point in the past.

CopperSpice: Declarations Gone Wrong -- Copperspice

By Ansel Sermersheim | Apr 26, 2024 12:39 PM | Tags: None

New video on the CopperSpice YouTube Channel:

Declarations Gone Wrong

by Barbara Geller and Ansel Sermersheim

About the video:

A new C++ video has been uploaded to our YouTube channel about how declarations work and what happens when they go wrong.

Do you know which part of a declaration is the declarator? How about what can happen with multiple variables in one declaration statement? Let us entertain you with the surprising details, including some most programmers have never seen or considered.

Please take a look and remember to subscribe.

Embedding (and Extracting) DLLs into EXEs as Binary Resources -- Giovanni Dicanio

By Giovanni Dicanio | Apr 26, 2024 12:38 PM | Tags: None

Windows EXE files can contain resources, including binary resources. In particular, you can embedd one or more DLLs into an EXE, and then extract them at run-time. Let's learn more about that in the following article:

Embedding (and Extracting) Binary Files like DLLs into an EXE as Resources

by Giovanni Dicanio

From the article:

A Windows .EXE executable file can contain binary resources, which are basically arbitrary binary data embedded in the file.

In particular, it’s possible to embed one or more DLLs as binary resources into an EXE. In this article, I’ll first show you how to embed a DLL as a binary resource into an EXE using the Visual Studio IDE; then, you’ll learn how to access that binary resource data using proper Windows API calls.

(...)

Once you have embedded a binary resource, like a DLL, into your EXE, you can access the resource’s binary data using some specific Windows APIs. (...)

The above “API dance” can be translated into the following C++ code: (...)

I uploaded on GitHub a C++ demo code that extracts a DLL embedded as a resource in the EXE, and, for testing purposes, invokes a function exported from the extracted DLL.

Looking for Pointers: The C++ Memory Safety Debate -- John Farrier

By John Farrier | Apr 26, 2024 12:37 PM | Tags: None

From the White House to the NSA to Bjarne Stroustrup has an opinion on C++ and Memory Safety.  Let's examine this from a historical context and see where this debate may lead.

Looking for Pointers: The C++ Memory Safety Debate

by John Farrier

From the article:

The dialogue around C++ and memory safety has intensified following recent evaluations by authoritative bodies. The White House’s Office of the National Cyber Director issued a compelling call for a pivot toward memory-safe programming languages. This stance is predicated on a history of cyber vulnerabilities linked to memory safety issues, influencing national security and the broader digital ecosystem’s integrity.

This debate takes place against a backdrop of historical precedence, technological evolution, and a reevaluation of programming language safety standards, underscoring the need for a nuanced understanding of memory safety within the context of C++.

When and How Variables are Initialized? - Part 2 -- Sandor Dargo

By Blog Staff | Apr 22, 2024 12:39 PM | Tags: None

SANDOR_DARGO_ROUND.JPGDuring the last two weeks, we saw a bug related to uninitialized values and undefined behaviour, we listed the different kinds of initializations in C++ and we started to more detailed discovery with copy-initialization. This week, we continue this discovery with direct-, list- and aggregate-initialization.

When and How Variables are Initialized? - Part 2

by Sandor Dargo

From the article:

Direct-initialization initializes an object from an explicit set of constructor arguments. Different syntaxes invoke direct initialization such as T object(<at least one arg>);, T(<at least one arg>); or new T(<at least one arg>); but it might also happen when you use curly braces (T object{oneArg};). Additional use cases are static casts, constructor initializer lists and values taken by value in lambda captures.

While at first glance this might obvious there are some catches.

Take this expression: T object{ arg };. In this case, object is directly initialized only if it’s a non-class type, otherwise, we talk about list-initialization. But if you use the parentheses syntax (T object(arg) then there is no such distinction between class and non-class types, in both cases, direct-initialization is performed. Also, T object{ arg1, arg2 }; would never be direct-initialized, that’s always an aggregate-initialization.

In the expression [arg]() {}, the generated lambda members will not be copy-initialized, but they will be directly initialized.